Apatite: Its uses as a mineral and gemstone
What is Apatite? Apatite is the name of a group of phosphate minerals with similar chemical compositions and physical properties. They are an important constituent of phosphorite, a rock mined for its phosphorus content and used to make fertilizers, acids, and chemicals. Apatite has a relatively consistent hardness and serves as the index mineral for a hardness of five in theMonazite: A rare-earth phosphate mineral.,What is Monazite? Monazite is a rare phosphate mineral with a chemical composition of (Ce,La,Nd,Th)(PO 4,SiO 4).It usually occurs in small isolated grains, as an accessory mineral in igneous and metamorphic rocks such as granite, pegmatite, schist, and gneiss.These grains are resistant to weathering and become concentrated in soils and sediments downslope from theApatite: The mineral apatite information and pictures,Apatite is the main source of phosphorus. Phosphorus was previously extracted from crystalline Apatite, but nowadays is extracted from enormous deposits of Apatite-rich rock. Apatite is essential in the manufacture of phosphate fertilizers, and is very important in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries.Beginners guide to aquarium General Hardness (GH),Nov 18, 2021· Having tested our water today our total hardness is >21, carbonate hardness is 20, pH 8. We live in a very hard water area. Our tank is fresh water and planted. We have tropical fish and a temperature of 24 degrees. We have lost 5 of our 7 cardinal tetras over the last few weeks. Nitrite and nitrate levels are within the acceptable range.Phosphate in Freshwater Aquariums,Nov 30, 2021· Change Food: Phosphate is used as a preservative in flake foods. All brands are not created equal, so do your research and choose those brands that have lower phosphate levels. Water Source: Test your water source. It is not unusual for tap water to contain 1 ppm of phosphate. If the level is high, seek an alternate source for your aquarium water.How to Soften Aquarium Water? Guide to Aquarium Water,,Sep 03, 2021· 5. Dolomite rock. Dolomite rock, sometimes called dolostone, is a calcareous rock made up mostly of calcium, magnesium and carbonate CaMg(CO3)2. As you might expect, it will release all three of these elements into your aquarium, raising both the KH and GH of your tank. Dolomite will release less of these ingredients at a higher pH.
What Is the Desired Number of Grains of Hardness in Soft,
Feb 16, 2021· Tip. Grains per gallon is a measure of water hardness. One grain per gallon (gpg) is equivalent to 17.14 parts per million (ppm). A waterRock and Mineral Uses from Rockman,Phosphate - Phosphate rock is used to produce phosphoric acid for ammoniated phosphate fertilizers, feed additives for livestock, elemental phosphorus, and a variety of phosphate chemicals for industrial and home consumers. Phosphoric acid also helps provide the "tingly" taste you experience when drinking many soft drinks.Rocks and Minerals/Identification List - Wiki - Scioly.org,Apr 24, 2021· Hardness 3-3.5 Streak White Luster Vitreous, pearly Cleavage Basal, prismatic, pinacoidal Fracture Irregular, uneven Density 4.5 g/cm3 Mineral Habit Massive, prismatic, tabular Crystal System Orthorhombic Environment of Formation Often replaces other minerals in sedimentary rock layers and in hydrothermal and mesothermal metal ore veinsMonazite - Wikipedia,Monazite is a primarily reddish-brown phosphate mineral that contains rare-earth elements.Due to variability in composition, monazite is considered a group of minerals. The most common species of the group is monazite-(Ce), that is, the cerium-dominant member of the group. It occurs usually in small isolated crystals.It has a hardness of 5.0 to 5.5 on the Mohs scale ofShale Rock: Geology, Composition, Uses,Aug 02, 2020· Shale is the most common sedimentary rock, accounting for about 70 percent of the rock found in the Earth's crust. It is a fine-grained clastic sedimentary rock made of compacted mud consisting of clay and tiny particles of quartz, calcite, mica, pyrite, other minerals, and organic compounds. Shale occurs worldwide wherever water exists or once,Properties of Minerals | Earth Science | Visionlearning,Identifying minerals by physical properties. The most common minerals in Earth's crust can often be identified in the field using basic physical properties such as color, shape, and hardness. The context of a mineral is important, too – some minerals can form under the same conditions, so you are likely to find them in the same rock, while others form under very different conditions and
Boiler water treatment - Lenntech
The treatment and conditioning of boiler feed water must satisfy three main objectives:. Continuous heat exchange; Corrosion protection; Production of high quality steam; External treatment is the reduction or removal of impurities from water outside the boiler. In general, external treatment is used when the amount of one or more of the feed water impurities is tooAlphabetical List of Precious and Semiprecious Gemstones,Nov 26, 2019· Apatite is a phosphate mineral with the chemical formula Ca 5 (PO 4) 3 (F,Cl,OH). It's the same mineral that comprises human teeth. The gemstone form of the mineral displays the hexagonal crystal system. Gems may be transparent or green or less commonly other colors. It has a Mohs hardness of 5.Sedimentary rock - Wikipedia,Sedimentary rocks are types of rock that are formed by the accumulation or deposition of mineral or organic particles at Earth's surface, followed by cementation. Sedimentation is the collective name for processes that cause these particles to settle in place. The particles that form a sedimentary rock are called sediment, and may be composed of geological detritusMinerals and Mineral Groups | Earth Science,Minerals can be identified by their characteristic physical properties such as crystalline structure, hardness, streak, and cleavage. Crystalline Solid. Minerals are crystalline solids. A crystal is a solid in which the atoms are arranged in a regular, repeating pattern (Figure 2.2 below). The pattern of atoms in different samples of the same,Amethyst Galleries - The Gemstone Minerals,As colorful as the rainbow and as sparkling as fine leaded crystal, gemstones have captured the imaginations and desires of men and (perhaps especially) women for ages. The pursuit of gems have become the subject of legends, fairy tales, epics, and major motion pictures ("Romancing the Stone", for one).Today, more fine gemstone specimens are available to the average18 Types of Quartz - Simplicable,Sep 04, 2020· Rock Crystal Rock crystal is a term for the purest form of quartz that is colorless. Rock crystal is the iconic type of quartz that looks something like ice. In fact, the Ancient Greek word for quartz was krustallos meaning "icy cold" because it was believed to be supercooled ice.
Rocks & Minerals
crystal form, cleavage, hardness, color, and luster. Rocks are classified into three distinct groups - igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic - and each is discussed in a separate section. Each rock group is further subdivided into subgroups that are defined by the mode of origin of the rocks. Igneous rocks form when magma, molten rock, rises upwardProper Water Parameters for Home Aquariums,Ensuring appropriate water parameters and environmental requirements is fundamental to reduce tank mortality. Freshwater Parameters The following chart provides acceptable water parameter ranges for different types of freshwater aquariums, brackish water aquariums, and ponds.The water parameters listed serve as a general guideline for maintaining each specific9 Most Important Reef Tank Parameters - test these ideal,,Phosphate occurs naturally on reefs and is present at a level of ~0.13 ppm. But phosphates in a saltwater aquarium can be a big-time trouble-maker, even at natural levels. In your saltwater aquarium, phosphate acts as a fertilizer for algae, And if your tank is like mine, you probably don’t have the same types of algae-eating controls as a,Turquoise Stone: Benefits, Meanings, Properties & Uses,,Turquoise is a hydrated phosphate full of copper and aluminum. That means that if you dunk turquoise in water, it’ll absorb the liquid. As a porous mineral, turquoise teeters between 5-6 on the Mohs scale of mineral hardness just below quartz.Turquoise Gemstone | Turquoise Stone – GIA,Turquoise is found in only a few places on earth: dry and barren regions where acidic, copper-rich groundwater seeps downward and reacts with minerals that contain phosphorus and aluminum. The result of this sedimentary process is a porous, semitranslucent to opaque compound of hydrated copper and aluminum phosphate. Turquoise Description17.4: Solubility Equilibria - Chemistry LibreTexts,Nov 07, 2021· Example \(\PageIndex{1}\) Calcium oxalate monohydrate [Ca(O 2 CCO 2)·H 2 O, also written as CaC 2 O 4 ·H 2 O] is a sparingly soluble salt that is the other major component of kidney stones [along with Ca 3 (PO 4) 2].Its solubility in water at 25°C is 7.36 × 10 −4 g/100 mL. Calculate its K sp.. Given: solubility in g/100 mL Asked for: K sp Strategy:
9 Most Important Reef Tank Parameters - test these ideal,
Phosphate occurs naturally on reefs and is present at a level of ~0.13 ppm. But phosphates in a saltwater aquarium can be a big-time trouble-maker, even at natural levels. In your saltwater aquarium, phosphate acts as a fertilizer for algae, And if your tank is like mine, you probably don’t have the same types of algae-eating controls as a,Turquoise Stone: Benefits, Meanings, Properties & Uses,,Turquoise is a hydrated phosphate full of copper and aluminum. That means that if you dunk turquoise in water, it’ll absorb the liquid. As a porous mineral, turquoise teeters between 5-6 on the Mohs scale of mineral hardness just below quartz.Turquoise Gemstone | Turquoise Stone – GIA,Turquoise is found in only a few places on earth: dry and barren regions where acidic, copper-rich groundwater seeps downward and reacts with minerals that contain phosphorus and aluminum. The result of this sedimentary process is a porous, semitranslucent to opaque compound of hydrated copper and aluminum phosphate. Turquoise Description17.4: Solubility Equilibria - Chemistry LibreTexts,Nov 07, 2021· Example \(\PageIndex{1}\) Calcium oxalate monohydrate [Ca(O 2 CCO 2)·H 2 O, also written as CaC 2 O 4 ·H 2 O] is a sparingly soluble salt that is the other major component of kidney stones [along with Ca 3 (PO 4) 2].Its solubility in water at 25°C is 7.36 × 10 −4 g/100 mL. Calculate its K sp.. Given: solubility in g/100 mL Asked for: K sp Strategy:Finishing Hotline (Public Forum) for Anodizing,,• How to increase/decrease zinc phosphate coating weight open Q. (December 15) • Etching Solution for Inconel 625 open Q. (December 15) • Manganese phosphate coating is the wrong color open Q. (December 10) • How to make 3-in-1 Phosphating Chemical? open Q. (November 30) • How to clean aluminium hollow rivets (November 30)Live Fish | Aquarium Fish | Australia | PetWave | Live,,Online Live Aquarium Fish for sale in Australia - live aquarium fish delivered directly to you throughout Australia with a live aquarium fish arrival policy 100% Live Aquarium Fish Guarantee.
Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Materials
Jun 01, 1989· Brinell hardness test and tension test were used to estimate the hardness and tensile strength of the composite. Si 3 N 4 reinforcing materials added to the extent of 7.5% by wt. to Cu-Sn matrix enhanced hardness by 41% and UTS by 33%, YS by 29% and showed 23% decrement in ductility.Aluminium - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia,Aluminium phosphate is used to make glass, ceramic, pulp and paper products, cosmetics, paints, varnishes. Aluminium hydroxide is used as an antacid, and mordant. It is used also in water purification, the manufacture of glass and ceramics, and in the waterproofing of fabrics.,,,,
